Solar Panel Charge Controller Using PICAXE Microcontroller

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Charger circuit 12-volt DC relay
Fig. 1 Charger circuit using 12-volt DC relay.

Solar Panel Charge Controller Using PICAXE Microcontroller

by Lewis Loflin

The following is the PICAXE version of the Arduino Solar Panel Charge Controller. While the electronics is identical, the programming was very different. The main problem for the PICAXE was the inability of the software to do compound 'if' statements: if ((x > y) & (y < CP) & (x > CP)) . I had to break that into three different statements then had to add a fourth.

Otherwise it worked just the same. See Arduino Solar Panel Charge Controller for additional schematics.

Related material:

PICAXE 18M2 pinout
PICAXE 18M2 used here..


#rem

Picaxe solar panel charge controller

Purpose: to cycle to charge voltage on/off and to check other aspects 
such as solar panel input voltage when charging lead-acid batteries.

#picaxe 18m2 ; type chip used 
 
 B.4 LED1 indicator 'bad' meaning the input voltage below charging voltage when on.
 
 B.7 turns on charge switch transistor.
 Will blink on/off with charge cycle. LED3 will turn on
 during the charge cycle.(Charge enable DP11)
 
 B.5 LED2 indicator fully charged battery. (DP10)
 
 A 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) has a step voltage of about 4.9 mV
 over a 5-volt range. This relates to the charge point (CP) variable.
 
 To measure input voltage from the solar panel and the voltage on the 
 battery we use a voltage divider to drop the voltage below 5-volts. 
 
 This uses two resistor voltage dividers (15k and 2.2k) which produces a voltage
 of about 1.7 - 1.9 volts when fully charged. This equates to about decimal 346 - 400 
 from the ADC and is compared to the charge point variable CP. 
 
 Note line "chon = CP - y * 1000" when uncommented the charge 'on' time will decrease
 gradually as battery is more charged. When fully charged the charge voltage 
 is disabled.
 
 The variables chon (charge on time) and choff (charge off time) can be preset to any value.
 
 One can experiment with this CP value. Too small, battery won't fully charge.
 Too large, battery will over charge.
 
 The voltage input is connected to C.1 (AD0  in schematic) while the voltage on the battery 
 is monitored at C.0 (AD1 in schematic ).
 
 This same circuit can be used with a 24-volt system by changing the 15K to 27K, 
 and using a 24-volt relay.
 
 The power for the PICAXE itself can be obtained from the battery bank under charge 
 through a 5-volt regulator or separate supply.  Note if the battery bank is completely
 dead the circuit won't function with no power to the Microcontroller. A separate source
 for the controller is recommended.
 
 This circuit will also work using a power supply 
 instead of a solar panel as a simple battery charger.
 
#endrem

symbol voltage_in = C.1 
symbol voltage_out = C.0 

symbol LED1 = B.5 
symbol LED2 = B.4 
symbol charge_enable = C.7


LOW LED1
LOW LED2
LOW charge_enable

symbol x = w0
symbol y = w1


symbol chon = w2 
symbol choff = w3

chon = 2000
choff = 6000

symbol CP = w4 ; charge point variable

symbol temp = B10

CP = 340

main:

temp = 0

readadc10 voltage_in, x  ; voltage from solar panel
readadc10 voltage_out, y ; voltage on battery


 if x <= CP then HIGH LED1 else LOW LED1 endif
  ;LED off indicates good input voltage
 
 
 if y >= CP then HIGH LED2 else LOW LED2 endif
  ;LED on means battery is charged
  
 
    if x > CP then inc temp endif
    if y < x then inc temp endif
    if y < CP then inc temp endif  
  
     
    if temp = 3 then gosub charge
    ;turn on charge cycle if voltage input good AND battery voltage low.
    
    goto main
    
    
    charge: ; charge enable routine
    

    HIGH charge_enable; // turn on voltage to battery
   ; chon = CP - y * 1000 ;uncomment this for variable charge rate 
    pause chon;  wait
    LOW charge_enable ;turn off charge enable
    pause choff; wait for charge to equalize 
    
    goto main

Solar Panel Charge Controller Using PICAXE Microcontroller

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