MCP23016 I/O expander and LCD display
Basic diagram.

Display Time/Date with Arduino, LCD Display, and Ds1307 RTC

This project demonstrates the use of the MCP23016 I/O expander being used with a LCD display and a Ds1307 RTC to display time/date. It combines several other earlier demonstrations. I used the MCP23016 I/O expander due to the lack of output pins on the ATMEGA168/Arduino.

Arduino connected to DS1307
Where to connect the MCP23016.




#include <Wire.h>

byte blinkPin = 13;
byte swIn = 2; // square wave or pulse in
byte SW0 = 4;
byte SW1 = 5;
byte SW2 = 6;

volatile byte irq_flag = LOW; // declare IRQ flag

// names can't have number as fist char.
const byte HOME = 0x02;
const byte Line2 = 0x0c;
const byte CL = 0x10; // cursor left
const byte CR = 0x14; // cursor right
const byte SL = 0x18; // Shifts entire display left
const byte SR = 0x1c; // Shifts entire display right 


int j;

void setup()

{
  Wire.begin(); // join i2c bus (address optional for master)
  pinMode(blinkPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(blinkPin, 0);

  attachInterrupt(0, set_irq_flag0, FALLING);  // interupt 0 pin 2

  pinMode(swIn, INPUT); // pullups on connect to DS1307 Square wave output pin 
  pinMode(SW0, INPUT);  // N.O. push button switch
  pinMode(SW1, INPUT);  // N.O. push button switch
  pinMode(SW2, INPUT);  // N.O. push button switch
  // activate internal pullups:
  digitalWrite(swIn, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(SW0, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(SW1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(SW2, HIGH);


  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20);  // set mcp23016 output configuration:
  Wire.send(0x06);  // pointer
  Wire.send(0x00);  // DDR Port0 all output
  Wire.send(0x0F);  // DDR 0-3 input 4-7 output
  Wire.endTransmission(); 
  // setup port 1 D7 = E; D6 = RS 
  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20); 
  Wire.send(0x01); //pointer to port 1
  Wire.send(B10000000); // setup for command mode
  Wire.endTransmission(); 

  writeCommand(0x38); // 2 line mode
  writeCommand(0x0F); // blinking cursor
  CLR(); // clear dispaly
  writeCommand(HOME); // optional



}

void loop()
{

  if (irq_flag == HIGH) { 
    displayTime(); // write time/date to display
    irq_flag = 0; // clear IRQ flag.
  }  // end if 

  if (digitalRead(SW0) != HIGH) set_time(); // hold the switch to set time

} // end loop



// output time to display

void displayTime()   {

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x68); // access ds1307 RTC
  Wire.send(0);
  Wire.endTransmission();
  Wire.requestFrom(0x68, 7);
  byte secs = Wire.receive();
  byte mins = Wire.receive();
  byte hrs = Wire.receive();
  byte day = Wire.receive();
  byte date = Wire.receive();
  byte month = Wire.receive();
  byte year = Wire.receive();

  typeln("Time: \n", 1);
  typeBCD(hrs);   
  type(':');
  typeBCD(mins);     
  type(':');
  typeBCD(secs);

  // use MM-DD-YYYY

  typeln("Date: \n", 2);
  typeBCD(month);     
  type('-');
  typeBCD(date);
  type('-');
  type('2');
  type('0');
  typeBCD(year); 
  toggle(blinkPin);
 
}  // end display time



// sets IRQ flag on iterrupt from digital pin 2.

void set_irq_flag0() 
{
  irq_flag = HIGH; // set flag
} 

// set time subroutine 
void set_time()   {
  byte minutes = 0;
  byte hours = 0;
  byte day_of_week = 0x03;
  byte day = 0x17;
  byte month = 0x02;
  byte year = 0x10;


  while (digitalRead(SW1) != 0) // set minutes
  { 
    CLR(); 
    if (digitalRead(SW2) == 0) minutes++;        
    if ((minutes & 0x0f) > 9) minutes = minutes + 6;
    if (minutes > 0x59) minutes = 0;
    typeln("Minutes = \n", 1);
    typeBCD(minutes);
    delay(1000);



  }
  delay(1000);
  while (digitalRead(SW1) != 0) // set hours
  { 
    CLR();
    if (digitalRead(SW2) == 0) hours++;       
    if ((hours & 0x0f) > 9) hours =  hours + 6;
    if (hours > 0x23) hours = 0;
    typeln("Hours = \n", 1);
    typeBCD(hours);
    delay(1000);      


  }

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x68); // activate DS1307
  Wire.send(0); // where to begin
  Wire.send(0x00);          //seconds
  Wire.send(minutes);          //minutes
  Wire.send(0x80 | hours);    //hours (24hr time)
  Wire.send(day_of_week);  // Day 01-07
  Wire.send(day);  // Date 0-31
  Wire.send(month);  // month 0-12
  Wire.send(year);  // Year 00-99
  Wire.send(0x10); // Control 0x10 produces a 1 HZ square wave on pin 7. 
  Wire.endTransmission();

} // end setime()


// Below we pass a pointer to array1[0]. If no '\n' then the limit is 16. (0 - 15)
void typeln(char *array1, int i)   {
  delayMicroseconds(1000);
  if (i == 1) writeCommand(0x80); // begin on 1st line
  if (i == 2) writeCommand(0x80 + 0x40); // begin on 2nd line 
  for (int j = 0; (array1[j] != '\n') && (j < 16); j++) type(array1[j]); 
}




// send command to HD44780 display 
//  E High to Low transition write command or data to HD44780 display
//  RS 0 for command, default 1 for data
//  setup port1 D7 = E; D6 = RS 
void writeCommand(char c)   {

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20);  //  mcp23016 
  Wire.send(0x00); // begin here
  Wire.send(c);  // command code
  Wire.endTransmission();

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20);  //  mcp23016 
  Wire.send(0x01); // pointer
  Wire.send(B10000000);  // command mode E high
  Wire.endTransmission();

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20);  //  mcp23016 
  Wire.send(0x01); // pointer 
  Wire.send(B00000000);  // char mode E low
  Wire.endTransmission();

  delayMicroseconds(100);

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20);  //  mcp23016 
  Wire.send(0x01); //  pointer
  Wire.send(B10000000);  // E high back to command mode
  Wire.endTransmission();


} 

//  send char to HD44780 display 
//  E High to Low transition write command or data to HD44780 display
//  RS 0 for command, default 1 for data
//  setup port1 D7 = E; D6 = RS 

void type(char c)   {

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20);  //  mcp23016 
  Wire.send(0x00); // begin here
  Wire.send(c);  // data
  Wire.endTransmission();

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20);  //  mcp23016 
  Wire.send(0x01); // pointer
  Wire.send(B11000000);  // char mode E high
  Wire.endTransmission();

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20);  //  mcp23016 
  Wire.send(0x01); // pointer 
  Wire.send(B01000000);  // char mode E low
  Wire.endTransmission();

  delayMicroseconds(100);

  Wire.beginTransmission(0x20);  //  mcp23016 
  Wire.send(0x01); //  pointer
  Wire.send(B10000000);  // E high back to command mode
  Wire.endTransmission();


} 


// clear display
void  CLR()   {
  writeCommand(0x01); // clear
}

// this routine types a Hex values to HD44780 display 
// the value from be in BCD form
void typeBCD(byte val)   {

  byte n = val;
  n = (n >> 4) + 48;
  type(n);
  val = (val & B00001111) + 48;
  type(val);

}


// bascspace on display

void BS()   {
  writeCommand(CL);
}



// toggle the state on a pin
void toggle(int pinNum) 
{  
  int pinState = digitalRead(pinNum);
  pinState = !pinState;
  digitalWrite(pinNum, pinState); 
}

You Tube Arduino Microcontroller Video Series March 2012:

Arduino demos:

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Added January 2012: PICAXE Micro-controller Projects!

The PICAXE series of micro-controllers rank as the easiest and most cost effective way to use Microchip processors. I wanted an easier and less expensive way to introduce my students to the "PIC" micro-controller. Here I hope to get those starting out past poorly written literature and lack of simple working code examples.